C Primer Plus（第6版）英文版（上、下册）

图书目录:

1 Getting Ready　1

第 1章 初识C语言

Whence C / C语言的起源　1

Why C / 选择C语言的理由　2

Design Features / 设计特性　2

Efficiency / 高效性　3

Portability / 可移植性　3

Power and Flexibility / 强大而灵活　3

Programmer Oriented / 面向程序员　3

Shortcomings / 缺点　4

Whither C / C语言的应用范围　4

What Computers Do / 计算机能做什么　5

High-level Computer Languages and Compilers / 高 级计算机语言和编译器　6

Language Standards / 语言标准　7

The First ANSI/ISO C Standard / 第 1个ANSI/ISO C标准　8

The C99 Standard / C99标准　8

The C11 Standard / C11标准　9

Using C: Seven Steps / 使用C语言的几个步骤　9

Step 1: Define the Program Objectives / 第 1步：定义程序的目标　10

Step 2: Design the Program / 第 2步：设计程序　10

Step 3: Write the Code / 第3步：编写代码　11

Step 4: Compile / 第4步：编译　11

Step 5: Run the Program / 第5步：运行程序　12

Step 6: Test and Debug the Program / 第6步：测试和调试程序　12

Step 7: Maintain and Modify the Program / 第7步：维护和修改代码　13

Commentary / 说明　13

Programming Mechanics / 编程机制　13

Object Code Files, Executable Files, and Libraries / 目标代码文件、可执行文件和库　14

Unix System / Unix系统　16

The GNU Compiler Collection and the LLVM Project / GNU编译器集合和LLVM项目　18

Linux Systems / Linux系统　18

Command-Line Compilers for the PC / PC的命令行编译器　19

Integrated Development Environments (Windows) / 集成开发环境（Windows）　19

The Windows/Linux Option / Windows/Linux　21

C on the Macintosh / Macintosh中的C　21

How This Book Is Organized / 本书的组织结构　22

Conventions Used in This Book / 本书的约定　22

Typeface / 字体　22

Program Output / 程序输出　23

Special Elements / 特殊元素　24

Summary / 本章小结　24

Review Questions / 复习题　25

Programming Exercise / 编程练习　25

2 Introducing C　27

第 2章 C语言概述

A Simple Example of C / 简单的C程序示例　27

The Example Explained / 示例解释　28

Pass 1: Quick Synopsis / 第 1遍：快速概要　30

Pass 2: Program Details / 第 2遍：程序细节　31

The Structure of a Simple Program / 简单程序的结构　40

Tips on Making Your Programs Readable / 提高程序可读性的技巧　41

Taking Another Step in Using C / 进一步使用C　42

Documentation / 程序说明　43

Multiple Declarations / 多条声明　43

Multiplication / 乘法　43

Printing Multiple Values / 打印多个值　43

While You’re at It—Multiple Functions / 多个函数　44

Introducing Debugging / 调试程序　46

Syntax Errors / 语法错误　46

Semantic Errors / 语义错误　47

Program State / 程序状态　49

Keywords and Reserved Identifiers / 关键字和保留标识符　49

Key Concepts / 关键概念　50

Summary / 本章小结　51

Review Questions / 复习题　51

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　53

3 Data and C　55

第3章 数据和C

A Sample Program / 示例程序　55

What’s New in This Program / 程序中的新元素　57

Data Variables and Constants / 变量与常量数据　59

Data: Data-Type Keywords / 数据：数据类型关键字　59

Integer Versus Floating-Point Types / 整数和浮点数　60

The Integer / 整数　61

The Floating-Point Number / 浮点数　61

Basic C Data Types / C语言基本数据类型　62

The int Type / int类型　62

Other Integer Types / 其他整数类型　66

Using Characters: Type char / 使用字符：char类型　71

The _Bool Type / _Bool类型　77

Portable Types: stdint.h and inttypes.h / 可移植类型：stdint.h和inttypes.h　77

Types float, double, and long double / float、double和long double　79

Complex and Imaginary Types / 复数和虚数类型　85

Beyond the Basic Types / 其他类型　85

Type Sizes / 类型大小　87

Using Data Types / 使用数据类型　88

Arguments and Pitfalls / 参数和陷阱　89

One More Example: Escape Sequences / 转义序列示例　91

What Happens When the Program Runs / 程序运行情况　91

Flushing the Output / 刷新输出　92

Key Concepts / 关键概念　93

Summary / 本章小结　93

Review Questions / 复习题　94

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　97

4 Character Strings and Formatted Input/Output　99

第4章 字符串和格式化输入/输出

Introductory Program / 前导程序　99

Character Strings: An Introduction / 字符串简介　101

Type char Arrays and the Null Character / char类型数组和null字符　101

Using Strings / 使用字符串　102

The strlen() Function / strlen()函数　103

Constants and the C Preprocessor / 常量和C预处理器　106

The const Modifier / const限定符　109

Manifest Constants on the Job / 明示常量　109

Exploring and Exploiting printf() and scanf() / printf()和scanf()　112

The printf() Function / printf()函数　112

Using printf() / 使用printf()　113

Conversion Specification Modifiers for printf() / printf()的转换说明修饰符　115

What Does a Conversion Specification Convert / 转换说明的意义　122

Using scanf() / 使用scanf()　128

The * Modifier with printf() and scanf() / printf()和scanf()的*修饰符　133

Usage Tips for printf() / printf()的用法提示　135

Key Concepts / 关键概念　136

Summary / 本章小结　137

Review Questions / 复习题　138

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　140

5 Operators, Expressions, and Statements　143

第5章 运算符、表达式和语句

Introducing Loops / 循环简介　144

Fundamental Operators / 基本运算符　146

Assignment Operator: = / 赋值运算符：=　146

Addition Operator: + / 加法运算符：+　149

Subtraction Operator: - / 减法运算符：-　149

Sign Operators: - and + / 符号运算符：-和+　150

Multiplication Operator: * / 乘法运算符：*　151

Division Operator: / / 除法运算符：/　153

Operator Precedence / 运算符优先级　154

Precedence and the Order of Evaluation / 优先级和求值顺序　156

Some Additional Operators / 其他运算符　157

The sizeof Operator and the size_t Type / sizeof运算符和size_t类型　158

Modulus Operator: % / 求模运算符：%　159

Increment and Decrement Operators: ++ and -- / 递增和递减运算符：++和--　160

Decrementing: -- / 递减运算符：--　164

Precedence / 优先级　165

Don’t Be Too Clever / 不要自作聪明　166

Expressions and Statements / 表达式和语句　167

Expressions / 表达式　167

Statements / 语句　168

Compound Statements (Blocks) / 复合语句（块）　171

Type Conversions / 类型转换　174

The Cast Operator / 强制类型转换运算符　176

Function with Arguments / 带参数的函数　177

A Sample Program / 示例程序　180

Key Concepts / 关键概念　182

Summary / 本章小结　182

Review Questions / 复习题　183

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　187

6 C Control Statements: Looping　189

第6章 C控制语句：循环

Revisiting the while Loop / 再探while循环　190

Program Comments / 程序注释　191

C-Style Reading Loop / C风格读取循环　192

The while Statement / while语句　193

Terminating a while Loop / 终止while循环　194

When a Loop Terminates / 何时终止循环　194

while: An Entry-Condition Loop / while：入口条件循环　195

Syntax Points / 语法要点　195

Which Is Bigger: Using Relational Operators and Expressions / 用关系运算符和表达式比较大小　197

What Is Truth / 什么是真　199

What Else Is True / 其他真值　200

Troubles with Truth / 真值的问题　201

The New _Bool Type / 新的_Bool类型　203

Precedence of Relational Operators / 优先级和关系运算符　205

Indefinite Loops and Counting Loops / 不确定循环和计数循环　207

The for Loop / for循环　208

Using for for Flexibility / 利用for的灵活性　210

More Assignment Operators: +=, -=, *=, /=, %= / 其他赋值运算符：+=、-=、*=、/=、%=　215

The Comma Operator / 逗号运算符　215

Zeno Meets the for Loop / 当Zeno遇到for循环　218

An Exit-Condition Loop: do while / 出口条件循环：do while　220

Which Loop / 如何选择循环　223

Nested Loops / 嵌套循环　224

Program Discussion / 程序分析　225

A Nested Variation / 嵌套变式　225

Introducing Arrays / 数组简介　226

Using a for Loop with an Array / 在for循环中使用数组　228

A Loop Example Using a Function Return Value / 使用函数返回值的循环示例　230

Program Discussion / 程序分析　232

Using Functions with Return Values / 使用带返回值的函数　233

Key Concepts / 关键概念　234

Summary / 本章小结　235

Review Questions / 复习题　236

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　241

7 C Control Statements: Branching and Jumps　245

第7章 C控制语句：分支和跳转

The if Statement / if语句　246

Adding else to the if Statement / if else语句　248

Another Example: Introducing getchar() and putchar() / 另一个示例：介绍getchar()和putchar()　250

The ctype.h Family of Character Functions / ctype.h系列的字符函数　252

Multiple Choice else if / 多重选择else if　254

Pairing else with if / else与if配对　257

More Nested ifs / 多层嵌套的if语句　259

Let’s Get Logical / 逻辑运算符　263

Alternate Spellings: The iso646.h Header File / 备选拼写：iso646.h头文件　265

Precedence / 优先级　265

Order of Evaluation / 求值顺序　266

Ranges / 范围　267

A Word-Count Program / 一个统计单词的程序　268

The Conditional Operator: : / 条件运算符： :　271

Loop Aids: continue and break / 循环辅助：continue和break　274

The continue Statement / continue语句　274

The break Statement / break语句　277

Multiple Choice: switch and break / 多重选择：switch和break　280

Using the switch Statement / switch语句　281

Reading Only the First Character of a Line / 只读每行的首字符　283

Multiple Labels / 多重标签　284

switch and if else / switch和if else　286

The goto Statement / goto语句　287

Avoiding goto / 避免使用goto　287

Key Concepts / 关键概念　291

Summary / 本章小结　291

Review Questions / 复习题　292

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　296

8 Character Input/Output and Input Validation　299

第8章 字符输入/输出和输入验证

Single-Character I/O: getchar() and putchar()

/ 单字符I/O：getchar()和putchar()　300

Buffers / 缓冲区　301

Terminating Keyboard Input / 结束键盘输入　302

Files, Streams, and Keyboard Input / 文件、流和键盘输入　303

The End of File / 文件结尾　304

Redirection and Files / 重定向和文件　307

Unix, Linux, and Windows Command Prompt Redirection / Unix、Linux和DOS重定向　307

Creating a Friendlier User Interface / 创建更友好的用户界面　312

Working with Buffered Input / 使用缓冲输入　312

Mixing Numeric and Character Input / 混合数值和字符输入　314

Input Validation / 输入验证　317

Analyzing the Program / 分析程序　322

The Input Stream and Numbers / 输入流和数字　323

Menu Browsing / 菜单浏览　324

Tasks / 任务　324

Toward a Smoother Execution / 使执行更顺利　325

Mixing Character and Numeric Input / 混合字符和数值输入　327

Key Concepts / 关键概念　330

Summary / 本章小结　331

Review Questions / 复习题　331

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　332

9 Functions　335

第9章 函数

Reviewing Functions / 复习函数　335

Creating and Using a Simple Function / 创建并使用简单函数　337

Analyzing the Program / 分析程序　338

Function Arguments / 函数参数　340

Defining a Function with an Argument: Formal Parameters / 定义带形式参数的函数　342

Prototyping a Function with Arguments / 声明带形式参数函数的原型　343

Calling a Function with an Argument: Actual Arguments / 调用带实际参数的函数　343

The Black-Box Viewpoint / 黑盒视角　345

Returning a Value from a Function with return / 使用return从函数中返回值　345

Function Types / 函数类型　348

ANSI C Function Prototyping / ANSI C函数原型　349

The Problem / 问题所在　350

The ANSI C Solution / ANSI的解决方案　351

No Arguments and Unspecified Arguments / 无参数和未指定参数　352

Hooray for Prototypes / 函数原型的优点　353

Recursion / 递归　353

Recursion Revealed / 演示递归　354

Recursion Fundamentals / 递归的基本原理　355

Tail Recursion / 尾递归　356

Recursion and Reversal / 递归和倒序计算　358

Recursion Pros and Cons / 递归的优缺点　360

Compiling Programs with Two or More Source Code Files

/ 编译多源代码文件的程序　361

Unix / Unix　362

Linux / Linux　362

DOS Command-Line Compilers / DOS命令行编译器　362

Windows and Apple IDE Compilers / Windows和苹果的IDE编译器　362

Using Header Files / 使用头文件　363

Finding Addresses: The & Operator / 查找地址：&运算符　367

Altering Variables in the Calling Function / 更改主调函数中的变量　369

Pointers: A First Look / 指针简介　371

The Indirection Operator: * / 间接运算符：*　371

Declaring Pointers / 声明指针　372

Using Pointers to Communicate Between Functions / 使用指针在函数间通信　373

Key Concepts / 关键概念　378

Summary / 本章小结　378

Review Questions / 复习题　379

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　380

10 Arrays and Pointers　383

第 10章 数组和指针

Arrays / 数组　383

Initialization / 初始化数组　384

Designated Initializers (C99) / 指定初始化器（C99）　388

Assigning Array Values / 给数组元素赋值　390

Array Bounds / 数组边界　390

Specifying an Array Size / 指定数组的大小　392

Multidimensional Arrays / 多维数组　393

Initializing a Two-Dimensional Array / 初始化二维数组　397

More Dimensions / 其他多维数组　398

Pointers and Arrays / 指针和数组　398

Functions, Arrays, and Pointers / 函数、数组和指针　401

Using Pointer Parameters / 使用指针形参　404

Comment: Pointers and Arrays / 指针表示法和数组表示法　407

Pointer Operations / 指针操作　407

Protecting Array Contents / 保护数组中的数据　412

Using const with Formal Parameters / 对形式参数使用const　413

More About const / const的其他内容　415

Pointers and Multidimensional Arrays / 指针和多维数组　417

Pointers to Multidimensional Arrays / 指向多维数组的指针　420

Pointer Compatibility / 指针的兼容性　421

Functions and Multidimensional Arrays / 函数和多维数组　423

Variable-Length Arrays (VLAs) / 变长数组（VLA）　427

Compound Literals / 复合字面量　431

Key Concepts / 关键概念　434

Summary / 本章小结　435

Review Questions / 复习题　436

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　439

11 Character Strings and String Functions　441

第 11章 字符串和字符串函数

Representing Strings and String I/O / 表示字符串和字符串I/O　441

Defining Strings Within a Program / 在程序中定义字符串　442

Pointers and Strings / 指针和字符串　451

String Input / 字符串输入　453

Creating Space / 分配空间　453

The Unfortunate gets() Function / 不幸的gets()函数　453

The Alternatives to gets() / gets()的替代品　455

The scanf() Function / scanf()函数　462

String Output / 字符串输出　464

The puts() Function / puts()函数　464

The fputs() Function / fputs()函数　465

The printf() Function / printf()函数　466

The Do-It-Yourself Option / 自定义输入/输出函数　466

String Functions / 字符串函数　469

The strlen() Function / strlen()函数　469

The strcat() Function / strcat()函数　471

The strncat() Function / strncat()函数　473

The strcmp() Function / strcmp()函数　475

The strcpy() and strncpy() Functions / strcpy()和strncpy()函数　482

The sprintf() Function / sprintf()函数　487

Other String Functions / 其他字符串函数　489

A String Example: Sorting Strings / 字符串示例：字符串排序　491

Sorting Pointers Instead of Strings / 排序指针而非字符串　493

The Selection Sort Algorithm / 选择排序算法　494

The ctype.h Character Functions and Strings / ctype.h字符函数和字符串　495

Command-Line Arguments / 命令行参数　497

Command-Line Arguments in Integrated Environments / 集成环境中的命令行参数　500

Command-Line Arguments with the Macintosh / Macintosh中的命令行参数　500

String-to-Number Conversions / 把字符串转换为数字　500

Key Concepts / 关键概念　504

Summary / 本章小结　504

Review Questions / 复习题　505

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　508

12 Storage Classes, Linkage, and Memory Management　511

第 12章 存储类别、链接和内存管理

Storage Classes / 存储类别　511

Scope / 作用域　513

Linkage / 链接　515

Storage Duration / 存储期　516

Automatic Variables / 自动变量　518

Register Variables / 寄存器变量　522

Static Variables with Block Scope / 块作用域的静态变量　522

Static Variables with External Linkage / 外部链接的静态变量　524

Static Variables with Internal Linkage / 内部链接的静态变量　529

Multiple Files / 多文件　530

Storage-Class Specifier Roundup / 存储类别说明符　530

Storage Classes and Functions / 存储类别和函数　533

Which Storage Class / 存储类别的选择　534

A Random-Number Function and a Static Variable / 随机数函数和静态变量　534

Roll’Em / 掷骰子　538

Allocated Memory: malloc() and free() / 分配内存：malloc()和free()　543

The Importance of free() / free()的重要性　547

The calloc() Function / calloc()函数　548

Dynamic Memory Allocation and Variable-Length Arrays / 动态内存分配和变长数组　548

Storage Classes and Dynamic Memory Allocation / 存储类别和动态内存分配　549

ANSI C Type Qualifiers / ANSI C类型限定符　551

The const Type Qualifier / const类型限定符　552

The volatile Type Qualifier / volatile类型限定符　554

The restrict Type Qualifier / restrict类型限定符　555

The _Atomic Type Qualifier (C11) / _Atomic类型限定符（C11）　556

New Places for Old Keywords / 旧关键字的新位置　557

Key Concepts / 关键概念　558

Summary / 本章小结　558

Review Questions / 复习题　559

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　561

13 File Input/Output　565

第 13章 文件输入/输出

Communicating with Files / 与文件进行通信　565

What Is a File / 文件是什么　566

The Text Mode and the Binary Mode / 文本模式和二进制模式　566

Levels of I/O / I/O的级别　568

Standard Files / 标准文件　568

Standard I/O / 标准I/O　568

Checking for Command-Line Arguments / 检查命令行参数　569

The fopen() Function / fopen()函数　570

The getc() and putc() Functions / getc()和putc()函数　572

End-of-File / 文件结尾　572

The fclose() Function / fclose()函数　574

Pointers to the Standard Files / 指向标准文件的指针　574

A Simple-Minded File-Condensing Program / 一个简单的文件压缩程序　574

File I/O: fprintf(), fscanf(), fgets(), and fputs()

/ 文件I/O：fprintf()、fscanf()、fgets()和fputs()　576

The fprintf() and fscanf() Functions / fprintf()和fscanf()函数　576

The fgets() and fputs() Functions / fgets()和fputs()函数　578

Adventures in Random Access: fseek() and ftell()

/ 随机访问：fseek()和ftell()　579

How fseek() and ftell() Work / fseek()和ftell()的工作原理　580

Binary Versus Text Mode / 二进制模式和文本模式　582

Portability / 可移植性　582

The fgetpos() and fsetpos() Functions / fgetpos()和fsetpos()函数　583

Behind the Scenes with Standard I/O / 标准I/O的机理　583

Other Standard I/O Functions / 其他标准I/O函数　584

The int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp) Function / int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp)函数　585

The int fflush() Function / int fflush()函数　585

The int setvbuf() Function / int setvbuf()函数　585

Binary I/O: fread() and fwrite() / 二进制I/O：fread()和fwrite()　586

The size_t fwrite() Function / size_t fwrite()函数　588

The size_t fread() Function / size_t fread()函数　588

The int feof(FILE *fp) and int ferror(FILE *fp) Functions

/ int feof(FILE *fp)和int ferror(FILE *fp)函数　589

An fread() and fwrite() Example / 一个程序示例　589

Random Access with Binary I/O / 用二进制I/O进行随机访问　593

Key Concepts / 关键概念　594

Summary / 本章小结　595

Review Questions / 复习题　596

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　598

14 Structures and Other Data Forms　601

第 14章 结构和其他数据形式

Sample Problem: Creating an Inventory of Books / 示例问题：创建图书目录　601

Setting Up the Structure Declaration / 建立结构声明　604

Defining a Structure Variable / 定义结构变量　604

Initializing a Structure / 初始化结构　606

Gaining Access to Structure Members / 访问结构成员　607

Initializers for Structures / 结构的初始化器　607

Arrays of Structures / 结构数组　608

Declaring an Array of Structures / 声明结构数组　611

Identifying Members of an Array of Structures / 标识结构数组的成员　612

Program Discussion / 程序讨论　612

Nested Structures / 嵌套结构　613

Pointers to Structures / 指向结构的指针　615

Declaring and Initializing a Structure Pointer / 声明和初始化结构指针　617

Member Access by Pointer / 用指针访问成员　617

Telling Functions About Structures / 向函数传递结构的信息　618

Passing Structure Members / 传递结构成员　618

Using the Structure Address / 传递结构的地址　619

Passing a Structure as an Argument / 传递结构　621

More on Structure Features / 其他结构特性　622

Structures or Pointer to Structures / 结构和结构指针的选择　626

Character Arrays or Character Pointers in a Structure

/ 结构中的字符数组和字符指针　627

Structure, Pointers, and malloc() / 结构、指针和malloc()　628

Compound Literals and Structures (C99) / 复合字面量和结构（C99）　631

Flexible Array Members (C99) / 伸缩型数组成员（C99）　633

Anonymous Structures (C11) / 匿名结构（C11）　636

Functions Using an Array of Structures / 使用结构数组的函数　637

Saving the Structure Contents in a File / 把结构内容保存到文件中　639

A Structure-Saving Example / 保存结构的程序示例　640

Program Points / 程序要点　643

Structures: What Next / 链式结构　644

Unions: A Quick Look / 联合简介　645

Using Unions / 使用联合　646

Anonymous Unions (C11) / 匿名联合（C11）　647

Enumerated Types / 枚举类型　649

enum Constants / enum常量　649

Default Values / 默认值　650

Assigned Values / 赋值　650

enum Usage / enum的用法　650

Shared Namespaces / 共享名称空间　652

typedef: A Quick Look / typedef简介　653

Fancy Declarations / 其他复杂的声明　655

Functions and Pointers / 函数和指针　657

Key Concepts / 关键概念　665

Summary / 本章小结　665

Review Questions / 复习题　666

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　669

15 Bit Fiddling　673

第 15章 位操作

Binary Numbers, Bits, and Bytes / 二进制数、位和字节　674

Binary Integers / 二进制整数　674

Signed Integers / 有符号整数　675

Binary Floating Point / 二进制浮点数　676

Other Number Bases / 其他进制数　676

Octal / 八进制　677

Hexadecimal / 十六进制　677

C’s Bitwise Operators / C按位运算符　678

Bitwise Logical Operators / 按位逻辑运算符　678

Usage: Masks / 用法：掩码　680

Usage: Turning Bits On (Setting Bits) / 用法：打开位（设置位）　681

Usage: Turning Bits Off (Clearing Bits) / 用法：关闭位（清空位）　682

Usage: Toggling Bits / 用法：切换位　683

Usage: Checking the Value of a Bit / 用法：检查位的值　683

Bitwise Shift Operators / 移位运算符　684

Programming Example / 编程示例　685

Another Example / 另一个例子　688

Bit Fields / 位字段　690

Bit-Field Example / 位字段示例　692

Bit Fields and Bitwise Operators / 位字段和按位运算符　696

Alignment Features (C11) / 对齐特性（C11）　703

Key Concepts / 关键概念　705

Summary / 本章小结　706

Review Questions / 复习题　706

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　708

16 The C Preprocessor and the C Library　711

第 16章 C预处理器和C库

First Steps in Translating a Program / 翻译程序的第 一步　712

Manifest Constants: #define / 明示常量：#define　713

Tokens / 记号　717

Redefining Constants / 重定义常量　717

Using Arguments with #define / 在#define中使用参数　718

Creating Strings from Macro Arguments: The # Operator

/ 用宏参数创建字符串：#运算符　721

Preprocessor Glue: The ## Operator / 预处理器粘合剂：##运算符　722

Variadic Macros: ... and _ _VA_ARGS_ _ / 变参宏：...和_ _VA_ARGS_ _　723

Macro or Function / 宏和函数的选择　725

File Inclusion: #include / 文件包含：#include　726

Header Files: An Example / 头文件示例　727

Uses for Header Files / 使用头文件　729

Other Directives / 其他指令　730

The #undef Directive / #undef指令　731

Being Defined—The C Preprocessor Perspective / 从C预处理器角度看已定义　731

Conditional Compilation / 条件编译　731

Predefined Macros / 预定义宏　737

#line and #error / #line和#error　738

#pragma / #pragma　739

Generic Selection (C11) / 泛型选择（C11）　740

Inline Functions (C99) / 内联函数（C99）　741

_Noreturn Functions (C11) / _Noreturn函数（C11）　744

The C Library / C库　744

Gaining Access to the C Library / 访问C库　745

Using the Library Descriptions / 使用库描述　746

The Math Library / 数学库　747

A Little Trigonometry / 三角问题　748

Type Variants / 类型变体　750

The tgmath.h Library (C99) / tgmath.h库（C99）　752

The General Utilities Library / 通用工具库　753

The exit() and atexit() Functions / exit()和atexit()函数　753

The qsort() Function / qsort()函数　755

The Assert Library / 断言库　760

Using assert / assert的用法　760

_Static_assert (C11) / _Static_assert（C11）　762

memcpy() and memmove() from the string.h Library

/ string.h库中的memcpy()和memmove()　763

Variable Arguments: stdarg.h / 可变参数：stdarg.h　765

Key Concepts / 关键概念　768

Summary / 本章小结　768

Review Questions / 复习题　768

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　770

17 Advanced Data Representation　773

第 17章 高 级数据表示

Exploring Data Representation / 研究数据表示　774

Beyond the Array to the Linked List / 从数组到链表　777

Using a Linked List / 使用链表　781

Afterthoughts / 反思　786

Abstract Data Types (ADTs) / 抽象数据类型（ADT）　786

Getting Abstract / 建立抽象　788

Building an Interface / 建立接口　789

Using the Interface / 使用接口　793

Implementing the Interface / 实现接口　796

Getting Queued with an ADT / 队列ADT　804

Defining the Queue Abstract Data Type / 定义队列抽象数据类型　804

Defining an Interface / 定义一个接口　805

Implementing the Interface Data Representation / 实现接口数据表示　806

Testing the Queue / 测试队列　815

Simulating with a Queue / 用队列进行模拟　818

The Linked List Versus the Array / 链表和数组　824

Binary Search Trees / 二叉查找树　828

A Binary Tree ADT / 二叉树ADT　829

The Binary Search Tree Interface / 二叉查找树接口　830

The Binary Tree Implementation / 二叉树的实现　833

Trying the Tree / 使用二叉树　849

Tree Thoughts / 树的思想　854

Other Directions / 其他说明　856

Key Concepts / 关键概念　856

Summary / 本章小结　857

Review Questions / 复习题　857

Programming Exercises / 编程练习　858

A Answers to the Review Questions　861

附录A 复习题答案

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 1 / 第 1章复习题答案　861

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 2 / 第 2章复习题答案　862

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 3 / 第3章复习题答案　863

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 4 / 第4章复习题答案　866

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 5 / 第5章复习题答案　869

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 6 / 第6章复习题答案　872

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 7 / 第7章复习题答案　876

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 8 / 第8章复习题答案　879

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 9 / 第9章复习题答案　881

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 10 / 第 10章复习题答案　883

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 11 / 第 11章复习题答案　886

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 12 / 第 12章复习题答案　890

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 13 / 第 13章复习题答案　891

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 14 / 第 14章复习题答案　894

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 15 / 第 15章复习题答案　898

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 16 / 第 16章复习题答案　899

Answers to Review Questions for Chapter 17 / 第 17章复习题答案　901

B Reference Section　905

附录B 参考资料

Section Ⅰ: Additional Reading / 参考资料Ⅰ：补充阅读　905

Online Resources / 在线资源　905

C Language Books / C语言书籍　907

Programming Books / 编程书籍　907

Reference Books / 参考书籍　908

C++ Books / C++书籍　908

Section Ⅱ: C Operators / 参考资料Ⅱ：C运算符　908

Arithmetic Operators / 算术运算符　909

Relational Operators / 关系运算符　910

Assignment Operators / 赋值运算符　910

Logical Operators / 逻辑运算符　911

The Conditional Operator / 条件运算符　911

Pointer-Related Operators / 与指针有关的运算符　912

Sign Operators / 符号运算符　912

Structure and Union Operators / 结构和联合运算符　912

Bitwise Operators / 按位运算符　913

Miscellaneous Operators / 混合运算符　914

Section Ⅲ: Basic Types and Storage Classes

/ 参考资料Ⅲ：基本类型和存储类别　915

Summary: The Basic Data Types / 总结：基本数据类型　915

Summary: How to Declare a Simple Variable / 总结：如何声明一个简单变量　917

Summary: Qualifiers / 总结：限定符　919

Section Ⅳ: Expressions, Statements, and Program Flow

/ 参考资料Ⅳ：表达式、语句和程序流　920

Summary: Expressions and Statements / 总结：表达式和语句　920

Summary: The while Statement / 总结：while语句　921

Summary: The for Statement / 总结：for语句　921

Summary: The do while Statement / 总结：do while语句　922

Summary: Using if Statements for Making Choices / 总结：if语句　923

Summary: Multiple Choice with switch / 带多重选择的switch语句　924

Summary: Program Jumps / 总结：程序跳转　925

Section Ⅴ: The Standard ANSI C Library with C99 and C11 Additions

/ 参考资料Ⅴ：新增C99和C11的ANSI C库　926

Diagnostics: assert.h / 断言：assert.h　926

Complex Numbers: complex.h (C99) / 复数：complex.h（C99）　927

Character Handling: ctype.h / 字符处理：ctype.h　929

Error Reporting: errno.h / 错误报告：errno.h　930

Floating-Point Environment: fenv.h (C99) / 浮点环境：fenv.h（C99）　930

Floating-point Characteristics: float.h / 浮点特性：float.h　933

Format Conversion of Integer Types: inttypes.h (C99) / 整数类型的格式转换：inttypes.h　935

Alternative Spellings: iso646.h / 可选拼写：iso646.h　936

Localization: locale.h / 本地化：locale.h　936

Math Library: math.h / 数学库：math.h　939

Non-Local Jumps: setjmp.h / 非本地跳转：setjmp.h　945

Signal Handling: signal.h / 信号处理：signal.h　945

Alignment: stdalign.h (C11) / 对齐：stdalign.h（C11）　946

Variable Arguments: stdarg.h / 可变参数：stdarg.h　947

Atomics Support: stdatomic.h (C11) / 原子支持：stdatomic.h（C11）　948

Boolean Support: stdbool.h (C99) / 布尔支持：stdbool.h（C99）　948

Common Definitions: stddef.h / 通用定义：stddef.h　948

Integer Types: stdint.h / 整数类型：stdint.h　949

Standard I/O Library: stdio.h / 标准I/O库：stdio.h　953

General Utilities: stdlib.h / 通用工具：stdlib.h　956

_Noreturn: stdnoreturn.h / _Noreturn：stdnoreturn.h　962

String Handling: string.h / 处理字符串：string.h　962

Type-Generic Math: tgmath.h (C99) / 通用类型数学：tgmath.h（C99）　965

Threads: threads.h (C11) / 线程：threads.h（C11）　967

Date and Time: time.h / 日期和时间：time.h　967

Unicode Utilities: uchar.h (C11) / 统一码工具：uchar.h（C11）　971

Extended Multibyte and Wide-Character Utilities: wchar.h (C99)

/ 扩展的多字节字符和宽字符工具：wchar.h（C99）　972

Wide Character Classification and Mapping Utilities: wctype.h (C99)

/ 宽字符分类和映射工具：wctype.h（C99）　978

Section Ⅵ: Extended Integer Types / 参考资料Ⅵ：扩展的整数类型　980

Exact-Width Types / 精 确宽度类型　981

Minimum-Width Types / **小宽度类型　982

Fastest Minimum-Width Types / **快**小宽度类型　983

Maximum-Width Types / **大宽度类型　983

Integers That Can Hold Pointer Values / 可储存指针值的整型　984

Extended Integer Constants / 扩展的整型常量　984

Section Ⅶ: Expanded Character Support / 参考资料Ⅶ：扩展字符支持　984

Trigraph Sequences / 三字符序列　984

Digraphs / 双字符　985

Alternative Spellings: iso646.h / 可选拼写：iso646.h　986

Multibyte Characters / 多字节字符　986

Universal Character Names (UCNs) / 通用字符名（UCN）　987

Wide Characters / 宽字符　988

Wide Characters and Multibyte Characters / 宽字符和多字节字符　989

Section Ⅷ: C99/C11 Numeric Computational Enhancements

/ 参考资料Ⅷ：C99/C11数值计算增强　990

The IEC Floating-Point Standard / IEC浮点标准　990

The fenv.h Header File / fenv.h头文件　994

The STDC FP_CONTRACT Pragma / STDC FP_CONTRACT编译指示　995

Additions to the math.h Library / math.h库增补　995

Support for Complex Numbers / 对复数的支持　996

Section Ⅸ: Differences Between C and C++ / 参考资料Ⅸ：C和C++的区别　998

Function Prototypes / 函数原型　999

char Constants / char常量　1000

The const Modifier / const限定符　1000

Structures and Unions / 结构和联合　1001

Enumerations / 枚举　1002

Pointer-to-void / 指向void的指针　1002

Boolean Types / 布尔类型　1003

Alternative Spellings / 可选拼写　1003

Wide-Character Support / 宽字符支持　1003

Complex Types / 复数类型　1003

Inline Functions / 内联函数　1003

C99/11 Features Not Found in C++11 / C++11中没有的C99/C11特性　1004